Chaga mushroom (
Inonotus obliquus), often referred to as the
"king of medicinal mushrooms", looks like a dark black woody mass
rather than a mushroom and, in fact, you probably wouldn't even
recognize it as a mycelium species when walking through the forest.
However,
this unusual looking variety is one of the most powerful adaptogens and
superfoods on the planet, exhibiting immune supporting complex
polysaccharides that are considerably more potent than most any other
medicinal mushroom.
In addition to sterols, polyphenols and polysaccharides, the mushroom
also contains a host of
other superhealthy antioxidant constituents including melanin and
superoxide dismutase as well as triterpenes, like betulin, inotodiol and
lupeol.
Furthermore, it is also gaining recognition around the world for its
ability to help inhibit tumor growth via certain anti-mutagenic
compounds like betulinic acid which it concentrates in high amounts from
birch bark.
What is Chaga and Where Does It Grow?
The
Inonotus obliquus species is classified as a "white-rot fungus", like other medicinal mushrooms such as
maitake, coriolus and
reishi.
This means that it feeds off of the lignins in the tree host but does
not necessarily damage the primary cellulose or integral composition of
the tree.
There are debatable theories, however, about its
natural life cycle and whether it is protecting the health of the tree
as a endophytic mushroom or whether it will eventually act as a parasite
over a period of time and hinder the host's growth.
"Some wood conks once seen as parasites on trees may in fact be symbiotic endophytes." Mycelium Running by Paul Stamets
The tree of choice for Inonotus obliquus is the white and
yellow birch tree, although it may also grow on other hardwoods like
alder, elm and beech trees. The mushroom used exclusively for medicinal
use, usually comes from the birch tree only. Higher quality mushroom
harvests are usually wildcrafted from birch tree forests growing in
Eastern Europe and Northern Russia, especially Siberia.
It is a
polypore mushroom (with pores instead of gills) that grows in cold,
Northern climates and produces a thick black mass on the side of tree
trunks, often referred to as a "conk." They usually grow up to 10cm
thick and 1.5 meters in length or much longer depending on the age.
While the exterior of the mushroom looks like burnt black charcoal, when
split open it has a deep clay orange cork-like center. The mushroom
has actually been used as a long burning firewood source as well as a
clothing dye in many parts of the world.
History of Use
This black tree fungus has long been respected in Northern Europe,
Canada, China, Finland and Russia for its immune boosting qualities.
Chaga mushroom tea has played a significant role in Russian herbalism
and Siberian folk medicine for hundreds, if not thousands of years,
particularly for its ability to help humans adapt to cold harsh
climates.
Acknowledged by the Chinese Monk Shen Nong in the book "The Shen Nong
Ben Cao Jing" written in 100 B.C., it was described as "the king of
herbs" and "a precious gift of nature."
In Traditional Chinese Medicine it was used as a special mushroom for
balancing "Chi", preserving youth and maintaining a strong immune
response. Today it is also considered a Chi, kidney and Shen tonic in
Asian culture.
The fungi became popular here in the West in 1968
when the Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn published the book,
"The Cancer Ward", in which he speaks about "the tea from the birch
tree mushroom", its healing components and potential benefits to cancer
patients.
Chaga Mushroom Health Benefits
High in Antioxidants - Betulinic Acid and Beta Glucans
There is an exceptional amount of immune boosting
antioxidants found in
Inonotus obliquus such as beta
glucans and betulinic acid, in addition to various other triterpenes
and sterols as well as melanin and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
High in Betulinic Acid - An Antitumor Compound
The mushroom draws upon and concentrates nutrients out of the birch
tree lignins and bark, converting them into a form that is easily
digested by humans. One of these nutrients is a triterpene called
betulin, which it absorbs specifically from the bark and further
converts to betulinic acid. This is one of the active compounds and
tumor inhibiting components that is inherent to the chaga mushroom
species.
Along with
coriolus (turkey tail mushroom) and
cordyceps, it is viewed by many mycologists and health experts as one of the strongest antitumor mushrooms available.
Betulinic acid induces apoptosis (PCD) through its direct effects on
the mitochondria and once inside the cancer cells is believed to
influence cell death within the tumor itself. Other research coming
from Poland suggests that the betulinic acid is also activated by and
drawn to the lower pH of the tumorous tissues.
According to
Christopher Hobbs, extracts of chaga were approved as an anticancer
drug, called Befungin, in Russia as early as 1955 and has been reported
successful in treating breast, lung, cervical and stomach cancers (Hobbs
1995).
Mushroom mycologist Paul Stamets writes that the betulin concentrations in Inonotus obliquus have
shown promise in treating malignant melanoma, completely inhibiting
tumors implanted in mice, causing apoptosis of cancerous cells. The
extracts are also beneficial as an antiviral, antibacterial and
anti-inflammatory. In addition, they are a known immune enhancer as
well as a liver tonic (Stamets 2005).
In a 2011 study published in the International Journal of Medicinal
Mushrooms is was noted that, "Chaga fraction elicited anticancer effects
which were attributed to decreased tumor cell proliferation, motility
and induced morphological changes." (
Source)
Contains Beta Glucan Polysaccharides
In addition to a full spectrum of phytonutrients, chaga mushroom also
contains 29 long-chain polysaccharides, protein-bound
xylogalactoglucans and beta glucan derivatives.
The beta glucans
in chaga, especially 1-3 ß-glucans, help to activate our immune cells or
macrophage defense systems, working on both the surface immune system
as well as stimulating stem cells deep within the bone marrow reserve.
This further "supercharges" and activates various other immune cells
such as natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cells.
Studies on Other Beneficial Sterols and Triterpenes
The triterpenoid element found in the mushroom called inotodiol,
which is derived from lanostane compounds, show promising effects as
anticancer agents in a
study conducted in 2010. "The results suggest that
I. obliquus and its compounds in these subfractions isolated from
I. obliquus could be used as natural anticancer ingredients in the food and/or pharmaceutical industry."
In a 2013 study entitled "Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extracts and compounds from the mushroom
Inonotus obliquus",
it states that "Compound ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide and
trametenolic acid showed anti-inflammatory activities and obvious
cytotoxicity on human prostatic carcinoma cell PC3 and breast carcinoma
MDA-MB-231 cell. The results obtained in this work might contribute to
understanding the biological activity of mushroom
I. obliquus for food and drug application." (
Source)
Helpful Adjunct to Chemotherapy Treatments
Some medicinal mushrooms, like reishi and chaga, can be particularly
supportive adjuncts to chemo and radiation therapies. Chaga's
triterpene lupeol and the sterol trametenolic acid not only display
antiviral and antitumor activity but also chemoprotective qualities that
may be helpful when undergoing chemotherapy treatments.
Additionally,
betulin in chaga is known to help detoxify the liver and protect
against the potentially damaging effects of radiation or chemo
chemicals. Also, the high amount of antioxidants, including melanin
(which binds to radioactive isotopes), are particularly helpful for
rejuvenating healthy immune responses.
Melanin and Beta Glucans - Great for the Skin
Melanin is a phenolic pigment and potent antioxidant found in the
surface layer of the mushroom and is the chief ingredient responsible
for its distinctive coloration. Chaga is one of the highest sources of
melanin known in any food or herb. It has been demonstrated that
chaga's melanin has a strong genoprotective (DNA/gene protective) effect
on the body.
This is the same compound that makes up the main pigment in human
skin, the retina of the eye and the pigment-bearing neurons within the
brain stem.
According to David Wolfe, "Having a nutritional
source of melanin such as chaga lightens the body's load of
nutrient-demanding processes involved in melanogenesis (formation of
melanin)." Melanin supplementation via chaga consumption can enhance,
beautify and protect the skin from sun damage and is additionally
beneficial for the eyes and hair.
The melanin found in the
mushroom may help those with white blotches that sometimes appear on the
skin as we age. This may indicate a disrupted melanin distribution
possibly caused by factors such as stress, viral issues, genetics and/or
nutritional deficiencies.
Moreover, consuming beta glucan-rich polysaccharides are known to help nourish, hydrate and heal the skin tissue.
SOD (Superoxide Dismutase)
Superoxide dismutase, also called SOD, is a natural antioxidant
enzyme
produced within the body that plays a significant role as a free radical
scavenger. It acts as a "bodyguard" that essentially protects against
DNA damage and helps to reduce the work load placed on the immune
system.
Certain superfoods, like
fo-ti root,
increase SOD levels when consumed and chaga is one of the highest
sources of this nutrient, offered in an easily utilized bio-available
form.
In a lab test sponsored by Dove Health Alliance the following mass-based comparison of SOD showed the following results:
Reishi - 1,400 units/gram
Agaricus - 1,500 units/gram
Chaga - 35, 000 units/gram
Chaga, like several other important
tonic herbs,
is a rich source of the trace mineral zinc. "Zinc is a critically
important constituent of SOD, our most important innate antioxidant."
Ron Teeguarden
Immune System Adaptogen
It is always best to keep the
immune system
strong, so it can function optimally. We are all bombarded with immune
stress in our daily lives from environmental pollution and toxins that
effect our health in ways we may not realize.
Chaga is an immune modulator and "double-directional"
adaptogen that powerfully balances immune response and helps the body maintain optimal homeostasis.
It is on our
top superfoods list as the #1 super mushroom for autoimmune disorders, a seemingly common health issue in our modern times.
Acts as an Anti-Inflammatory
Many of chaga's unique complexes such as betulinic acid, lupeol,
trametenolic acid, inotodiol, ergosterol and others act directly to
reduce inflammation in the body. Decreasing chronic inflammation helps
reduce risk of heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure, rheumatoid
arthritis as well as degenerative diseases. The mushroom extracts have
also proven helpful for gastrointestinal disorders and irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS). (
Study)
Additional Vitamins and Minerals
- vitamin B2
- vitamin D2
- calcium
- iron
- magnesium
- phosphorus
- sulfur
- potassium
- rubidium and cesium
- silicon
|
- germanium
- manganese
- selenium
- zinc
- antimony
- barium
- bismuth
- boron
- chromium
- copper
|
How to Use
Fresh Mushroom
Fresh chaga can be used and decocted straight off the tree, but it is
often dried first to remove any moisture content. It can be grated or
broken into smaller pieces and/or powdered in a high speed blender.
It
is generally believed that the older the mushroom the more medicinal it
is when we consume as prepared liquids and extracts. When harvesting
fresh "conks" the larger the fungi, the older mushroom.
Raw Pieces or Powder
If you don't happen to live by a wild chaga forest, some herb
companies sell pure dried bulk chaga pieces or powder that can be
further decocted or tinctured to release their beneficial components.
Chaga Tea and Tinctures
Most all of chaga's antioxidants and polysaccharides are only extractable in hot water and alcohol solutions.
Bulk chaga pieces can be brewed for many hours in water as a dark rich mushroom
tea. Additionally, the chunks can also be tinctured in vodka for a few
weeks.
Another chaga tea making method is to simply add the powdered extracts to hot water. The
extract powder turns the water a dark brown color that looks similar to a
cup of coffee. In fact, because of its slightly bitter nature it is
often used as a alternative coffee substitute.
Mushroom Extracts
Another medicinally effective way to use this mushroom is to consume
high quality hot water extracts. Mushroom Science is an excellent brand
that offers a tested potent extraction of chaga, by far one of the best
on the market.
Dragon herbs also has a superior grade of Wild Siberian Chaga that is
harvested in the pristine black birch forests in the Kama River Basin of
arctic Siberia.
These extracts usually come in capsule form that can be taken whole or opened and blended with
shakes or
herbal teas.
Chaga Cappuccino Recipe
We consider this recipe to be the new evolved version of coffee and
definitely the thing for any of you coffee drinkers who want to move
things up a notch "superhealth wise."
Packed with adaptogens,
this recipe is one our favorites because it has that coffee like flavor
so many people enjoy, but without the eventual adrenal burn out that
leaves you feeling depleted.
In other words this "java" does not
superficially stimulate the body, instead it works to increase "real"
energy by building "chi", strengthening the internal systems and
nourishing life-force.
This
recipe uses some unique and new products that make it easier to get
that "coffee flavor" you may be missing. (See the banner links in the left hand column of this page for more info.)
Herbal Tea Base:
- 1/8C reishi mushroom pieces
- 2T ground astragalus root
- 2T pao de 'arco bark
- 1T fo-ti root
- 1/2 long pepper
- 1T goji berries or jujubee dates
Decoct (simmer) the above in a little more than one quart of water for 20-30 minutes.
Blend the quart of strained herbal tea with:
- 12 chaga caps (the powder)
- 1t shilajit
- 2T MacaPro Xpresso (a slow roasted maca root product)
- dropper of English Toffee Stevia
- 1t cacao butter
- 1 dropper Coffee Flavored Extract (a non-caffeinated raw coffee extract)
- 1-2 cacao beans
Add nut milk cream if you prefer. Serves two or more.